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1846406218_-Comparison_of_ancient_Indian_philosophies_-_Phil

Revision 684306013 at Mon Oct 05 22:33:11 CEST 2015 Diff at Wikipedia Position: 0

UNIQUE_ b4e82ee2-f59f-4bb5-963e-66b3635d1f70 7411bec9-c4d6-43d4-8a8c-a420e5bf096e 83d67086-fec6-4320-ba6a-9ddb4bf5da32 ad3916fd-f24f-4620-9201-811b4c003b53 7684d948-fcbd-4b25-87a7-40a869726c90 8ce672f5-b081-4b87-afb1-8ae5a34bb4b2
Ajivika Buddhism Charvaka Jainism

Orthodox schools of Hinduism
(Non-Śramaṇic)

Karma Affirms Affirms Denies Affirms

Affirms

Samsara, Rebirth Affirms Affirms Denies Affirms

Affirms

Ascetic life Affirms Affirms Affirms Affirms

Affirms as Sannyasa

Ahimsa and Vegetarianism Affirms Strongest proponent

Highest virtue,
Just war affirmed

Free will Denies Affirms Affirms Affirms

Affirms

Atman (Soul, Self) Affirms Denies Denies Affirms

Affirms

Epistemology
(Pramana)
Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa,
Śabda
Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa
Pratyakṣa Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa,
Śabda

Various, Vaisheshika (two) to Vedanta (six):
Pratyakṣa (perception),
Anumāṇa (inference),
Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy),
Arthāpatti (postulation, derivation),
Anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof),
Śabda (Reliable testimony)

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UNIQUE_ b4e82ee2-f59f-4bb5-963e-66b3635d1f70 7411bec9-c4d6-43d4-8a8c-a420e5bf096e aaa44691-3769-4130-9a00-fcc97ec22eb4 ad3916fd-f24f-4620-9201-811b4c003b53 7684d948-fcbd-4b25-87a7-40a869726c90 8ce672f5-b081-4b87-afb1-8ae5a34bb4b2

Comparison of ancient Indian philosophies

Ajivika Buddhism Charvaka Jainism

Orthodox schools of Hinduism
(Non-Śramaṇic)

Karma Affirms Affirms Denies Affirms

Affirms

Samsara, Rebirth Affirms Affirms Damien Keown (2013), Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0199663835, pages 32-46 Denies Affirms

Some school affirm, some not

Ascetic life Affirms Affirms Affirms Affirms

Affirms as Sannyasa

Rituals, Bhakti Affirms Affirms, optional
(Pali: Bhatti)
Denies Affirms, optional

Theistic school: Affirms, optional
Others: Deny

Ahimsa and Vegetarianism Affirms Affirms,
Unclear on meat as food
Strongest proponent
of non-violence;
Vegetarianism to avoid
violence against animals

Affirms as highest virtue,
but Just War affirmed
Vegetarianism encouraged, but
choice left to the Hindu

Free will Denies Affirms Affirms Affirms

Affirms

Maya Affirms Affirms
(prapañca)
Denies Affirms

Affirms

Atman (Soul, Self) Affirms Denies Denies Affirms{{rp|119}}

Affirms

Creator God Denies Denies Denies Denies

Theistic schools: Affirm
Others: Deny

Epistemology
(Pramana)
Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa,
Śabda
Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa
Pratyakṣa Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa,
Śabda

Various, Vaisheshika (two) to Vedanta (six):
Pratyakṣa (perception),
Anumāṇa (inference),
Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy),
Arthāpatti (postulation, derivation),
Anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof),
Śabda (Reliable testimony)

Epistemic authority Denies: Vedas Affirms: Buddha text
Denies: Vedas
Denies: Vedas Affirms: Jain Agamas
Denies: Vedas

All affirm: Vedas and Upanishads,{{refn|group=note|Elisa Freschi (2012): The Vedas are not deontic authorities and may be disobeyed, but still recognized as an epistemic authority by a Hindu; (Note: This differentiation between epistemic and deontic authority is true for all Indian religions)}}
Affirm: other texts

Salvation
(Soteriology)
Samsdrasuddhi Nirvana
(realize Śūnyatā)
Siddha

Moksha, Nirvana, Kaivalya
Advaita, Yoga, others: Jivanmukti
Dvaita, theistic: Videhamukti

Metaphysics
(Ultimate Reality)
Śūnyatā Anekāntavāda

Brahman

Revision 684579796 at Wed Oct 07 16:44:04 CEST 2015 Diff at Wikipedia Position: 0

UNIQUE_ b4e82ee2-f59f-4bb5-963e-66b3635d1f70 7411bec9-c4d6-43d4-8a8c-a420e5bf096e aaa44691-3769-4130-9a00-fcc97ec22eb4 ad3916fd-f24f-4620-9201-811b4c003b53 7684d948-fcbd-4b25-87a7-40a869726c90 8ce672f5-b081-4b87-afb1-8ae5a34bb4b2

Comparison of ancient Indian philosophies

Ajivika Buddhism Charvaka Jainism

Orthodox schools of Hinduism
(Non-Śramaṇic)

Karma Denies Affirms Denies Affirms

Affirms

Samsara, Rebirth Affirms Affirms Damien Keown (2013), Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0199663835, pages 32-46 Denies Affirms

Some school affirm, some not

Ascetic life Affirms Affirms Affirms Affirms

Affirms as Sannyasa

Rituals, Bhakti Affirms Affirms, optional
(Pali: Bhatti)
Denies Affirms, optional

Theistic school: Affirms, optional
Others: Deny

Ahimsa and Vegetarianism Affirms Affirms,
Unclear on meat as food
Strongest proponent
of non-violence;
Vegetarianism to avoid
violence against animals

Affirms as highest virtue,
but Just War affirmed
Vegetarianism encouraged, but
choice left to the Hindu

Free will Denies Affirms Affirms Affirms

Affirms

Maya Affirms Affirms
(prapañca)
Denies Affirms

Affirms

Atman (Soul, Self) Affirms Denies Denies Affirms{{rp|119}}

Affirms

Creator God Denies Denies Denies Denies

Theistic schools: Affirm
Others: Deny

Epistemology
(Pramana)
Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa,
Śabda
Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa
Pratyakṣa Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa,
Śabda

Various, Vaisheshika (two) to Vedanta (six):
Pratyakṣa (perception),
Anumāṇa (inference),
Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy),
Arthāpatti (postulation, derivation),
Anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof),
Śabda (Reliable testimony)

Epistemic authority Denies: Vedas Affirms: Buddha text
Denies: Vedas
Denies: Vedas Affirms: Jain Agamas
Denies: Vedas

Affirm: Vedas and Upanishads,{{refn|group=note|Elisa Freschi (2012): The Vedas are not deontic authorities and may be disobeyed, but still recognized as an epistemic authority by a Hindu; (Note: This differentiation between epistemic and deontic authority is true for all Indian religions)}}
Affirm: other texts

Salvation
(Soteriology)
Samsdrasuddhi Nirvana
(realize Śūnyatā)
Siddha

Moksha, Nirvana, Kaivalya
Advaita, Yoga, others: Jivanmukti
Dvaita, theistic: Videhamukti

Metaphysics
(Ultimate Reality)
Śūnyatā Anekāntavāda

Brahman

Revision 693391206 at Wed Dec 02 08:15:33 CET 2015 Diff at Wikipedia Position: 0

UNIQUE_ b4e82ee2-f59f-4bb5-963e-66b3635d1f70 7411bec9-c4d6-43d4-8a8c-a420e5bf096e aaa44691-3769-4130-9a00-fcc97ec22eb4 ad3916fd-f24f-4620-9201-811b4c003b53 7684d948-fcbd-4b25-87a7-40a869726c90 8ce672f5-b081-4b87-afb1-8ae5a34bb4b2

Comparison of ancient Indian philosophies

Ajivika Buddhism Charvaka Jainism

Orthodox schools of Hinduism
(Non-Śramaṇic)

Karma Denies Affirms Denies Affirms

Affirms

Samsara, Rebirth Affirms Affirms Denies Affirms

Some school affirm, some not

Ascetic life Affirms Affirms Affirms Affirms

Affirms as Sannyasa

Rituals, Bhakti Affirms Affirms, optional
(Pali: Bhatti)
Denies Affirms, optional

Theistic school: Affirms, optional
Others: Deny

Ahimsa and Vegetarianism Affirms Affirms,
Unclear on meat as food
Strongest proponent
of non-violence;
Vegetarianism to avoid
violence against animals

Affirms as highest virtue,
but Just War affirmed
Vegetarianism encouraged, but
choice left to the Hindu

Free will Denies Affirms Affirms Affirms

Affirms

Maya Affirms Affirms
(prapañca)
Denies Affirms

Affirms

Atman (Soul, Self) Affirms Denies Denies Affirms{{rp|119}}

Affirms

Creator God Denies Denies Denies Denies

Theistic schools: Affirm
Others: Deny

Epistemology
(Pramana)
Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa,
Śabda
Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa
Pratyakṣa Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa,
Śabda

Various, Vaisheshika (two) to Vedanta (six):
Pratyakṣa (perception),
Anumāṇa (inference),
Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy),
Arthāpatti (postulation, derivation),
Anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof),
Śabda (Reliable testimony)

Epistemic authority Denies: Vedas Affirms: Buddha text
Denies: Vedas
Denies: Vedas Affirms: Jain Agamas
Denies: Vedas

Affirm: Vedas and Upanishads,{{refn|group=note|Elisa Freschi (2012): The Vedas are not deontic authorities and may be disobeyed, but still recognized as an epistemic authority by a Hindu; (Note: This differentiation between epistemic and deontic authority is true for all Indian religions)}}
Affirm: other texts

Salvation
(Soteriology)
Samsdrasuddhi Nirvana
(realize Śūnyatā)
Siddha

Moksha, Nirvana, Kaivalya
Advaita, Yoga, others: Jivanmukti
Dvaita, theistic: Videhamukti

Metaphysics
(Ultimate Reality)
Śūnyatā Anekāntavāda

Brahman


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Revision 712303173 at Mon Mar 28 10:54:51 CEST 2016 Diff at Wikipedia Position: 0

UNIQUE_ b4e82ee2-f59f-4bb5-963e-66b3635d1f70 7411bec9-c4d6-43d4-8a8c-a420e5bf096e aaa44691-3769-4130-9a00-fcc97ec22eb4 ad3916fd-f24f-4620-9201-811b4c003b53 7684d948-fcbd-4b25-87a7-40a869726c90 8ce672f5-b081-4b87-afb1-8ae5a34bb4b2

Comparison of ancient Indian philosophies

Ajivika Buddhism Charvaka Jainism

Orthodox schools of Hinduism
(Non-Śramaṇic)

Karma Denies Affirms Denies Affirms

Affirms

Samsara, Rebirth Affirms Affirms Denies Affirms

Some school affirm, some not

Ascetic life Affirms Affirms Affirms Affirms

Affirms as Sannyasa

Rituals, Bhakti Affirms Affirms, optional
(Pali: Bhatti)
Denies Affirms, optional

Theistic school: Affirms, optional
Others: Deny

Ahimsa and Vegetarianism Affirms Affirms,
Unclear on meat as food
Strongest proponent
of non-violence;
Vegetarianism to avoid
violence against animals

Affirms as highest virtue,
but Just War affirmed
Vegetarianism encouraged, but
choice left to the Hindu

Free will Denies Affirms Affirms Affirms

Affirms

Maya Affirms Affirms
(prapañca)
Denies Affirms

Affirms

Atman (Soul, Self) Affirms Denies Denies Affirms{{rp|119}}

Affirms

Creator God Denies Denies Denies Denies

Theistic schools: Affirm
Others: Deny

Epistemology
(Pramana)
Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa,
Śabda
Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa
Pratyakṣa Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa,
Śabda

Various, Vaisheshika (two) to Vedanta (six):
Pratyakṣa (perception),
Anumāṇa (inference),
Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy),
Arthāpatti (postulation, derivation),
Anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof),
Śabda (Reliable testimony)

Epistemic authority Denies: Vedas Affirms: Buddha text
Denies: Vedas
Denies: Vedas Affirms: Jain Agamas
Denies: Vedas

Affirm: Vedas and Upanishads,{{refn|group=note|Elisa Freschi (2012): The Vedas are not deontic authorities and may be disobeyed, but still recognized as an epistemic authority by a Hindu; (Note: This differentiation between epistemic and deontic authority is true for all Indian religions)}}
Affirm: other texts

Salvation
(Soteriology)
Samsdrasuddhi Nirvana
(realize Śūnyatā)
Siddha

Moksha, Nirvana, Kaivalya
Advaita, Yoga, others: Jivanmukti
Dvaita, theistic: Videhamukti

Metaphysics
(Ultimate Reality)
Śūnyatā Anekāntavāda

Brahman

Revision 736709236 at Mon Aug 29 11:46:35 CEST 2016 Diff at Wikipedia Position: 0

Revision 736748101 at Mon Aug 29 17:50:05 CEST 2016 Diff at Wikipedia Position: 0

UNIQUE_ b4e82ee2-f59f-4bb5-963e-66b3635d1f70 7411bec9-c4d6-43d4-8a8c-a420e5bf096e aaa44691-3769-4130-9a00-fcc97ec22eb4 ad3916fd-f24f-4620-9201-811b4c003b53 7684d948-fcbd-4b25-87a7-40a869726c90 8ce672f5-b081-4b87-afb1-8ae5a34bb4b2

Comparison of ancient Indian philosophies

Ajivika Buddhism Charvaka Jainism

Orthodox schools of Hinduism
(Non-Śramaṇic)

Karma Denies Affirms Denies Affirms

Affirms

Samsara, Rebirth Affirms Affirms Denies Affirms

Some school affirm, some not

Ascetic life Affirms Affirms Affirms Affirms

Affirms as Sannyasa

Rituals, Bhakti Affirms Affirms, optional
(Pali: Bhatti)
Denies Affirms, optional

Theistic school: Affirms, optional
Others: Deny

Ahimsa and Vegetarianism Affirms Affirms,
Unclear on meat as food
Strongest proponent
of non-violence;
Vegetarianism to avoid
violence against animals

Affirms as highest virtue,
but Just War affirmed
Vegetarianism encouraged, but
choice left to the Hindu

Free will Denies Affirms Affirms Affirms

Affirms

Maya Affirms Affirms
(prapañca)
Denies Affirms

Affirms

Atman (Soul, Self) Affirms Denies Denies Affirms{{rp|119}}

Affirms

Creator God Denies Denies Denies Denies

Theistic schools: Affirm
Others: Deny

Epistemology
(Pramana)
Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa,
Śabda
Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa
Pratyakṣa Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa,
Śabda

Various, Vaisheshika (two) to Vedanta (six):
Pratyakṣa (perception),
Anumāṇa (inference),
Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy),
Arthāpatti (postulation, derivation),
Anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof),
Śabda (Reliable testimony)

Epistemic authority Denies: Vedas Affirms: Buddha text
Denies: Vedas
Denies: Vedas Affirms: Jain Agamas
Denies: Vedas

Affirm: Vedas and Upanishads,{{refn|group=note|Elisa Freschi (2012): The Vedas are not deontic authorities and may be disobeyed, but still recognized as an epistemic authority by a Hindu; (Note: This differentiation between epistemic and deontic authority is true for all Indian religions)}}
Affirm: other texts

Salvation
(Soteriology)
Samsdrasuddhi Nirvana
(realize Śūnyatā)
Siddha

Moksha, Nirvana, Kaivalya
Advaita, Yoga, others: Jivanmukti
Dvaita, theistic: Videhamukti

Metaphysics
(Ultimate Reality)
Śūnyatā Anekāntavāda

Brahman


Revision 800430712 at Wed Sep 13 16:12:39 CEST 2017 Diff at Wikipedia Position: 0

UNIQUE_ b4e82ee2-f59f-4bb5-963e-66b3635d1f70 7411bec9-c4d6-43d4-8a8c-a420e5bf096e aaa44691-3769-4130-9a00-fcc97ec22eb4 ad3916fd-f24f-4620-9201-811b4c003b53 7684d948-fcbd-4b25-87a7-40a869726c90 8ce672f5-b081-4b87-afb1-8ae5a34bb4b2

Comparison of ancient Indian philosophies

Ajivika Buddhism Charvaka Jainism

Orthodox schools of Hinduism
(Non-Śramaṇic)

Karma Denies Affirms Denies Affirms

Affirms

Samsara, Rebirth Affirms Affirms Denies Affirms

Some school affirm, some not

Ascetic life Affirms Affirms Affirms Affirms

Affirms as Sannyasa

Rituals, Bhakti Affirms Affirms, optional
(Pali: Bhatti)
Denies Affirms, optional

Theistic school: Affirms, optional
Others: Deny

Ahimsa and Vegetarianism Affirms Affirms,
Unclear on meat as food
Strongest proponent
of non-violence;
Vegetarianism to avoid
violence against animals

Affirms as highest virtue,
but Just War affirmed
Vegetarianism encouraged, but
choice left to the Hindu

Free will Denies Affirms Affirms Affirms

Affirms

Maya Affirms Affirms
(prapañca)
Denies Affirms

Affirms

Atman (Soul, Self) Affirms Denies Denies Affirms{{rp|119}}

Affirms

Creator God Denies Denies Denies Denies

Theistic schools: Affirm
Others: Deny

Epistemology
(Pramana)
Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa,
Śabda
Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa
Pratyakṣa Pratyakṣa,
Anumāṇa,
Śabda

Various, Vaisheshika (two) to Vedanta (six):
Pratyakṣa (perception),
Anumāṇa (inference),
Upamāṇa (comparison and analogy),
Arthāpatti (postulation, derivation),
Anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof),
Śabda (Reliable testimony)

Epistemic authority Denies: Vedas Affirms: Buddha text
Denies: Vedas
Denies: Vedas Affirms: Jain Agamas
Denies: Vedas

Affirm: Vedas and Upanishads,{{refn|group=note|Elisa Freschi (2012): The Vedas are not deontic authorities and may be disobeyed, but still recognized as an epistemic authority by a Hindu; (Note: This differentiation between epistemic and deontic authority is true for all Indian religions)}}
Affirm: other texts

Salvation
(Soteriology)
Samsdrasuddhi Nirvana
(realize Śūnyatā)
Siddha

Moksha, Nirvana, Kaivalya
Advaita, Yoga, others: Jivanmukti
Dvaita, theistic: Videhamukti

Metaphysics
(Ultimate Reality)
Śūnyatā Anekāntavāda

Brahman