20.03.2017

Six contributions accepted at GECCO 2017

The ACM/SIGEVO Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) is the leading conference in the area of evolutionary computation. In 2017 it will take place in Berlin from July 15th to 19th. Five full papers and one poster paper of the Algorithm Engineering group were accepted for presentation. One of the contributions is the result of our last-years Master's project.

This is joint work with our colleagues from ETH Zürich, École Polytechnique, the CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, the University of Adelaide, and Central South University Changsha.

Friedrich, Tobias; Kötzing, Timo; Melnichenko, Anna Analyzing Search Heuristics with Differential Equations. Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2017: 313-314

[ BibTeX ]

@inproceedings{friedrich2017analyzing, abstract = {Drift Theory is currently the most common technique for the analysis of randomized search heuristics because of its broad applicability and the resulting tight first hitting time bounds. The biggest problem when applying a drift theorem is to find a suitable potential function which maps a complex space into a single number, capturing the essence of the state of the search in just one value. We discuss another method for the analysis of randomized search heuristics based on the Theory of Differential Equations. This method considers the deterministic counterpart of the randomized process by replacing probabilistic outcomes by their expectation, and then bounding the error with good probability. We illustrate this by analyzing an Ant Colony Optimization algorithm (ACO) for the Minimum Spanning Tree problem (MST).}, author = {Friedrich, Tobias and Kötzing, Timo and Melnichenko, Anna}, booktitle = {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO)}, keywords = {annamelnichenko gecco timokoetzing tobiasfriedrich year2017}, pages = {313-314}, title = {Analyzing Search Heuristics with Differential Equations}, year = 2017 }
Chauhan, Ankit; Friedrich, Tobias; Quinzan, Francesco Approximating Optimization Problems using EAs on Scale-Free Networks. Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2017: 235-242

[ BibTeX ]

@inproceedings{chauhan2017approximating, abstract = {It has been experimentally observed that real-world networks follow certain topologicalproperties, such as small-world, power-law etc. To study these networks, many random graph models, such as Preferential Attachment, have been proposed. In this paper, we consider the deterministic properties which capture power-law degree distribution and degeneracy. Networks with these properties are known as scale-free networks in the literature. Many interesting problems remain NP-hard on scale-free networks. We study the relationship between scale-free properties and the approximation-ratio of some commonly used evolutionary algorithms. For the Vertex Cover, we observe experimentally that the \((1+1)\) EA always gives the better result than a greedy local search, even when it runs for only \(O(n\, \log(n))\) steps. We give the construction of a scale-free network in which a multi-objective algorithm and a greedy algorithm obtain optimal solutions, while the \((1+1)\) EA obtains the worst possible solution with constant probability. We prove that for the Dominating Set, Vertex Cover, Connected Dominating Set and Independent Set, the \((1+1)\) EA obtains constant-factor approximation in expected run time \(O(n\, \log(n))\) and \(O(n^4)\) respectively. Whereas, GSEMO gives even better approximation than \((1+1)\) EA in expected run time \(O(n^3)\) for Dominating Set, Vertex Cover and Connected Dominating Set on such networks.}, author = {Chauhan, Ankit and Friedrich, Tobias and Quinzan, Francesco}, booktitle = {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO)}, keywords = {ankitchauhan francescoquinzan gecco tobiasfriedrich year2017}, pages = {235-242}, title = {Approximating Optimization Problems using EAs on Scale-Free Networks}, year = 2017 }
Doerr, Benjamin; Kötzing, Timo; Lagodzinski, J. A. Gregor; Lengler, Johannes Bounding Bloat in Genetic Programming. Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2017: 921-928

[ BibTeX ]

@inproceedings{doerr2017bounding, abstract = {While many optimization problems work with a fixed number of decision variables and thus a fixed-length representation of possible solutions, genetic programming (GP) works on variable-length representations. A naturally occurring problem is that of bloat (unnecessary growth of solutions) slowing down optimization. Theoretical analyses could so far not bound bloat and required explicit assumptions on the magnitude of bloat. In this paper we analyze bloat in mutation-based genetic programming for the two test functions ORDER and MAJORITY. We overcome previous assumptions on the magnitude of bloat and give matching or close-to-matching upper and lower bounds for the expected optimization time. In particular, we show that the \((1+1)\) GP takes (i) \(\Theta(T_{\text{init}} + n\, \log n)\) iterations with bloat control on ORDER as well as MAJORITY; and (ii) \(O(T_{\text{init}} \,\log \,T_{\text{init}} + n(\log n)^3)\) and \(\Omega(T_{\text{init}} + n \,\log n)\) (and \(\Omega(T_{\text{init}} \,\log \,T_{\text{init}})\) for \(n = 1\)) iterations without bloat control on MAJORITY.}, author = {Doerr, Benjamin and Kötzing, Timo and Lagodzinski, J. A. Gregor and Lengler, Johannes}, booktitle = {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO)}, keywords = {benjamindoerr gecco gregorlagodzinski johanneslengler timokoetzing year2017}, pages = {921-928}, title = {Bounding Bloat in Genetic Programming}, year = 2017 }
Shi, Feng; Schirneck, Martin; Friedrich, Tobias; Kötzing, Timo; Neumann, Frank Reoptimization Times of Evolutionary Algorithms on Linear Functions Under Dynamic Uniform Constraints. Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2017: 1407-1414

[ BibTeX ]

@inproceedings{shi2017reoptimization, abstract = {Thee investigations of linear pseudo-Boolean functions play a central role in the area of runtime analysis of evolutionary computing techniques. Having an additional linear constraint on a linear function is equivalent to the NP-hard knapsack problem and special problem classes thereof have been investigated in recent works. In this paper, we extend these studies to problems with dynamic constraints and investigate the runtime of different evolutionary algorithms to recompute an optimal solution when the constraint bound changes by a certain amount. We study the classical \((1+1)\) EA and population-based algorithms and show that they recompute an optimal solution very efficiently. Furthermore, we show that a variant of the \((1+(\lambda, \lambda))\) GA can recompute the optimal solution more efficiently in some cases.}, author = {Shi, Feng and Schirneck, Martin and Friedrich, Tobias and Kötzing, Timo and Neumann, Frank}, booktitle = {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO)}, keywords = {fengshi frankneumann gecco martinschirneck timokoetzing tobiasfriedrich year2017}, pages = {1407-1414}, title = {Reoptimization Times of Evolutionary Algorithms on Linear Functions Under Dynamic Uniform Constraints}, year = 2017 }
Doerr, Benjamin; Doerr, Carola; Kötzing, Timo Unknown Solution Length Problems With No Asymptotically Optimal Run Time. Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2017: 1367-1374

[ BibTeX ]

@inproceedings{doerr2017unknown, abstract = {We revisit the problem of optimizing a fitness function of unknown dimension; that is, we face a function defined over bit-strings of large length \(N\), but only \(n << N\) of them have an influence on the fitness. Neither the position of these relevant bits nor their number is known. In previous work, variants of the \((1 + 1)\) evolutionary algorithm (EA) have been developed that solve, for arbitrary \(s \in N\), such OneMax and LeadingOnes instances, simultaneously for all \(n \in N\), in expected time \(O(n(\log(n))^2 \log \log(n) \dots \log^{s-1} (n)(\log^{(s)} (n))^{1+\epsilon} )\)and \(O(n^2 \log(n) \log \log(n) \dots \log^{s-1} (n)(\log^{(s)} (n))^{1+\epsilon} )\), respectively; that is, in almost the same time as if n and the relevant bit positions were known. In this work, we prove the first, almost matching, lower bounds for this setting. For LeadingOnes, we show that, for every \(s \in N\), the \((1 + 1)\) EA with any mutation operator treating zeros and ones equally has an expected run time of \(\omega(n^2 \log(n) \log \log(n) \dots \log^{(s)} (n))\) when facing problem size \(n\). Aiming at closing the small remaining gap, we realize that, quite surprisingly, there is no asymptotically best performance. For any algorithm solving, for all \(n\), all instances of size \(n\) in expected time at most \(T (n)\), there is an algorithm doing the same in time \(T'(n)\) with \(T' = o(T )\). For OneMax we show results of similar flavor.}, author = {Doerr, Benjamin and Doerr, Carola and Kötzing, Timo}, booktitle = {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO)}, keywords = {benjamindoerr caroladoerr gecco timokoetzing year2017}, pages = {1367-1374}, title = {Unknown Solution Length Problems With No Asymptotically Optimal Run Time}, year = 2017 }
Doerr, Benjamin; Fischbeck, Philipp; Frahnow, Clemens; Friedrich, Tobias; Kötzing, Timo; Schirneck, Martin Island Models Meet Rumor Spreading. Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) 2017: 1359-1366

[ BibTeX ]

@inproceedings{doerr2017island, abstract = {Island models in evolutionary computation solve problems by a careful interplay of independently running evolutionary algorithms on the island and an exchange of good solutions between the islands. In this work, we conduct rigorous run time analyses for such island models trying to simultaneously obtain good run times and low communication effort. We improve the existing upper bounds for the communication effort (i) by improving the run time bounds via a careful analysis, (ii) by setting the balance between individual computation and communication in a more appropriate manner, and (iii) by replacing the usual communicate-with-all-neighbors approach with randomized rumor spreading, where each island contacts a randomly chosen neighbor. This epidemic communication paradigm is known to lead to very fast and robust information dissemination in many applications. Our results concern islands running simple (1+1) evolutionary algorithms, we regard d-dimensional tori and complete graphs as communication topologies, and optimize the classic test functions OneMax and LeadingOnes.}, author = {Doerr, Benjamin and Fischbeck, Philipp and Frahnow, Clemens and Friedrich, Tobias and Kötzing, Timo and Schirneck, Martin}, booktitle = {Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO)}, keywords = {benjamindoerr clemensfrahnow gecco martinschirneck philippfischbeck student timokoetzing tobiasfriedrich year2017}, pages = {1359-1366}, title = {Island Models Meet Rumor Spreading}, year = 2017 }