The increasing use of cyber operations as a political tool poses a serious challenge to international security. In recent years, several states have successfully used offensive cyberattacks to support their political agenda. The hybrid war in Ukraine and the disinformation campaigns in European countries and North America illustrate the explosive nature of this development. Both in times of peace and war, states, companies, institutions and the population are equally affected by the consequences. In this session, we will examine the latest developments in international conflict zones, take a look at future strategic and technological developments such as the role of AI, and discuss what mechanisms are available to protect companies, infrastructure, democracy and citizens.