Hasso-Plattner-Institut
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bert Arnrich
 

Christoph Anders

Research Assistant, PhD Student

Link to my website with the DSE Research School


Room: G-2.1.21 | Phone: +49-(0)1520 299 4501


DE (Muttersprache) | EN (fluent) | ES (poquito)
Love to cook, go for walks, travel and learn


PhD-student since 01.04.2021; Email: christoph.anders(at)hpi.de 

The Classification of Mental States

Background on Wearables (e.g. Wearable Electroencephalography and others)

Objective measurement methods to quantify the health status of individuals date back a long time. As one such example, electroencephalography (EEG) has been used for over a century to analyze electric currents in and around the brain and is used widely in clinical healthcare systems. Unfortunately, gold-standard clinical EEG systems usually require a lot of time to set up, are limited in mobility, and are not designed to look inconspicuous. However, as EEG directly measures electrical correlates of the brain with a high temporal resolution, it is an important measurement method and of high interest for mental state classification. Therefore, wearable EEG devices are being developed for various use cases.

One area of application of wearable EEG devices that holds great promise is the classification of mental workload and stress. “Mental workload may be viewed as the difference between the capacities of the information processing system that are required for task performance to satisfy performance expectations and the capacity available at any given time.” (from: 'Workload: An examination of the concept', by Gopher and Donchin). Additionally, it has been shown that high levels of mental workload over long periods of time can lead to an increased risk of coronary heart disease and hypertension, amongst others. Mental workload and stress are closely related topics, and a high mental workload is regarded as a preliminary factor for stress. When mental workload increases, stress levels rise and mental fatigue can be developed, which might result in deteriorating mental health. While not every mental workload directly results in work-related stress, the long-term consequences of high levels of mental workload and stress might be very costly, which is why accurate time-series classification (TSC) is so important.

We want to move this technology directly where it is needed: outside of residing only in clinical or laboratory environments, bringing it right into your hands, ready to use and to assist you in living a longer and healthier life! For this purpose, we conducted a systematic literature review on mental state classification using wearable EEG. Alongside many findings on data pre-processing, the applicability of artificial intelligence and more, one of our findings was that multi-modal TSC applications outperform their best unimodal counterparts. Consequently, in our ongoing studies, we are combining the utilization of wearable EEG with other wearable devices capable of measuring additional physiological signals, such as the heart rate. Alongside the desire to bring the technology closer to individuals, as of Jan. 2024, we are working towards including low-cost wearables in our studies (e.g. the EmotiBit sensor suite).

Ongoing Work (as of July 2024)

Our current and future work is focusing on differentiating levels of mental workload and mental workload task types in controlled, semi-controlled, and uncontrolled environments. These studies aim at assessing the influence of noise on recordings of psychophysiological correlates of mental workload, investigate the reliability of wearable sensor systems on mental workload classification, and on creating publicly available data sets to enable national and international collaboration on these important topics (As of July 2024, we submitted an extensive data descriptor for review, and expect to have the respective publication and data publicly available in the fall of 2024). Furthermore, we want to work on automated techniques for the identification and removal of artefacts, are planning on investigating using Bio-/Neurofeedback as an intervention for learning activities and as a means for noise-reduction as well as enhancing learning outcomes in mobile learning scenarios.

For our current ongoing studies revolving around the field of 'Measuring and Quantifying Mental Workload and Stress in Everyday Situations', 'Analysis of Synchronized Physiological Signals to Assess Mental Workload, Stress, Engagement, and Intervention-Effects on Small Groups', and 'Measuring and Quantifying Mental Workload and Stress in Everyday Situations', we are constantly searching for interested study participants. Please reach out to me if you are interested in participating in one of our studies and learning more about the study procedures, how you could assist, remuneration for your participation, and to find additional information. Furthermore, if you are a master's student interested in writing your master's thesis on, or with aspects of, the analysis of multi-modal time-series data in healthcare, please reach out to me and let us discuss possible topics. You can find information on the projects and thesis I am supervising / have supervised on our chairs websites. I am interested in supervising your project if it evolves around classification, prediction, or forecasting tasks on time-series data obtained from wearable on-body sensor systems, especially investigating the effects of data pre-processing, with a solid contribution of EEG.

Line-Plots: Example EEG signals (channels AF7, AF8, TP9, and TP10) of myself in resting-state with closed eyes, recorded using a Muse S device. No pre-processing was performed. Topographic Map: Schematic representation of the recording-sites.

Publications

2023

  • Optimization of data pre-processing methods for time-series classification of electroencephalography data. Anders, Christoph; Curio, Gabriel; Arnrich, Bert; Waterstraat, Gunnar in Taylor and Francis, Network: Computation in Neural Systems (2023). 34(4) 374–391.
     

2022

  • Towards Multi-Modal Recordings in Daily Life: A Baseline Assessment of an Experimental Framework Anders, Christoph; Moontaha, Sidratul; Arnrich, Bert in IS (2022). (Vol. H) 27–30. Information Society.
     
  • Wearable electroencephalography and multi-modal mental state classification: A systematic literature review. Anders, Christoph; Arnrich, Bert in Computers in Biology and Medicine (2022). 150 106088.
     

Last updated: Jan. 02, 2024