2019

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  Friedrich, Tobias; Göbel, Andreas; Neumann, Frank; Quinzan, Francesco; Rothenberger, Ralf Greedy Maximization of Functions with Bounded Curvature Under Partition Matroid Constraints. Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) 2019
  [ Abstract ] [ BibTeX ]
   
  We investigate the performance of a deterministic GREEDY algorithm for the problem of maximizing functions under a partition matroid constraint. We consider non-monotone submodular functions and monotone subadditive functions. Even though constrained maximization problems of monotone submodular functions have been extensively studied, little is known about greedy maximization of non-monotone submodular functions or monotone subadditive functions. We give approximation guarantees for GREEDY on these problems, in terms of the curvature. We find that this simple heuristic yields a strong approximation guarantee on a broad class of functions. We discuss the applicability of our results to three real-world problems: Maximizing the determinant function of a positive semidefinite matrix, and related problems such as the maximum entropy sampling problem, the constrained maximum cut problem on directed graphs, and combinatorial auction games. We conclude that GREEDY is well-suited to approach these problems. Overall, we present evidence to support the idea that, when dealing with constrained maximization problems with bounded curvature, one needs not search for (approximate) monotonicity to get good approximate solutions.
  @inproceedings{AAAI19a, abstract = {We investigate the performance of a deterministic GREEDY algorithm for the problem of maximizing functions under a partition matroid constraint. We consider non-monotone submodular functions and monotone subadditive functions. Even though constrained maximization problems of monotone submodular functions have been extensively studied, little is known about greedy maximization of non-monotone submodular functions or monotone subadditive functions. We give approximation guarantees for GREEDY on these problems, in terms of the curvature. We find that this simple heuristic yields a strong approximation guarantee on a broad class of functions. We discuss the applicability of our results to three real-world problems: Maximizing the determinant function of a positive semidefinite matrix, and related problems such as the maximum entropy sampling problem, the constrained maximum cut problem on directed graphs, and combinatorial auction games. We conclude that GREEDY is well-suited to approach these problems. Overall, we present evidence to support the idea that, when dealing with constrained maximization problems with bounded curvature, one needs not search for (approximate) monotonicity to get good approximate solutions.}, author = {Friedrich, Tobias and Göbel, Andreas and Neumann, Frank and Quinzan, Francesco and Rothenberger, Ralf}, booktitle = {Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)}, keywords = {aaai andreasgoebel francescoquinzan frankneumann ralfrothenberger tobiasfriedrich year2019}, title = {Greedy Maximization of Functions with Bounded Curvature Under Partition Matroid Constraints}, year = 2019 }
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  Roostapour, Vahid; Neumann, Aneta; Neumann, Frank; Friedrich, Tobias Pareto Optimization for Subset Selection with Dynamic Cost Constraints. Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) 2019
  [ Abstract ] [ BibTeX ]
   
  In this paper, we consider subset selection problems for functions \(f\) with constraints where the constraint bound \(B\) changes over time. We point out that adaptive variants of greedy approaches commonly used in the area of submodular optimization are not able to maintain their approximation quality. Investigating the recently introduced POMC Pareto optimization approach, we show that this algorithm efficiently computes a \( phi= (\alpha_f/2)(1-\frac{1}{e^{\alpha_f}})\)-approximation, where \(\alpha_f\) is the submodularity ratio, for each possible constraint bound \(b \leq B\). Furthermore, we show that POMC is able to adapt its set of solutions quickly in the case that \(B\) increases. Our experimental investigations for the influence maximization in social networks show the advantage of POMC over generalized greedy algorithms.
  @inproceedings{AAAI19b, abstract = {In this paper, we consider subset selection problems for functions \(f\) with constraints where the constraint bound \(B\) changes over time. We point out that adaptive variants of greedy approaches commonly used in the area of submodular optimization are not able to maintain their approximation quality. Investigating the recently introduced POMC Pareto optimization approach, we show that this algorithm efficiently computes a \( \phi= (\alpha_f/2)(1-\frac{1}{e^{\alpha_f}})\)-approximation, where \(\alpha_f\) is the submodularity ratio, for each possible constraint bound \(b \leq B\). Furthermore, we show that POMC is able to adapt its set of solutions quickly in the case that \(B\) increases. Our experimental investigations for the influence maximization in social networks show the advantage of POMC over generalized greedy algorithms.}, author = {Roostapour, Vahid and Neumann, Aneta and Neumann, Frank and Friedrich, Tobias}, booktitle = {Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)}, keywords = {aaai anetaneumann frankneumann tobiasfriedrich vahidroostapour year2019}, title = {Pareto Optimization for Subset Selection with Dynamic Cost Constraints}, year = 2019 }
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  Bläsius, Thomas; Friedrich, Tobias; Lischeid, Julius; Meeks, Kitty; Schirneck, Martin Efficiently Enumerating Hitting Sets of Hypergraphs Arising in Data Profiling. Algorithm Engineering and Experiments (ALENEX) 2019
  [ Abstract ] [ BibTeX ] [ Download ]
   
  We devise an enumeration method for inclusion-wise minimal hitting sets in hypergraphs. It has delay \(O(m^{k^\ast+1} \cdot n^2)\) and uses linear space. Hereby, \(n\) is the number of vertices, \(m\) the number of hyperedges, and \(k^\ast\) the rank of the transversal hypergraph. In particular, on classes of hypergraphs for which the cardinality \(k^\ast\) of the largest minimal hitting set is bounded, the delay is polynomial. The algorithm solves the extension problem for minimal hitting sets as a subroutine. We show that the extension problem is W[3]-complete when parameterised by the cardinality of the set which is to be extended. For the subroutine, we give an algorithm that is optimal under the exponential time hypothesis. Despite these lower bounds, we provide empirical evidence showing that the enumeration outperforms the theoretical worst-case guarantee on hypergraphs arising in the profiling of relational databases, namely, in the detection of unique column combinations.
  @inproceedings{blasius2019efficiently, abstract = {We devise an enumeration method for inclusion-wise minimal hitting sets in hypergraphs. It has delay \(O(m^{k^\ast+1} \cdot n^2)\) and uses linear space. Hereby, \(n\) is the number of vertices, \(m\) the number of hyperedges, and \(k^\ast\) the rank of the transversal hypergraph. In particular, on classes of hypergraphs for which the cardinality \(k^\ast\) of the largest minimal hitting set is bounded, the delay is polynomial. The algorithm solves the extension problem for minimal hitting sets as a subroutine. We show that the extension problem is W[3]-complete when parameterised by the cardinality of the set which is to be extended. For the subroutine, we give an algorithm that is optimal under the exponential time hypothesis. Despite these lower bounds, we provide empirical evidence showing that the enumeration outperforms the theoretical worst-case guarantee on hypergraphs arising in the profiling of relational databases, namely, in the detection of unique column combinations.}, author = {Bläsius, Thomas and Friedrich, Tobias and Lischeid, Julius and Meeks, Kitty and Schirneck, Martin}, booktitle = {Algorithm Engineering and Experiments (ALENEX)}, keywords = {alenex juliuslischeid kittymeeks martinschirneck project_transhyp student thomasblaesius tobiasfriedrich year2019}, title = {Efficiently Enumerating Hitting Sets of Hypergraphs Arising in Data Profiling}, year = 2019 }
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  Fokina, Ekaterina; Kötzing, Timo; San Mauro, Luca Limit Learning Equivalence Structures. Algorithmic Learning Theory (ALT) 2019
  [ Abstract ] [ BibTeX ]
   
  While most research in Gold-style learning focuses on learning formal languages, we consider the identification of computable structures, specifically equivalence structures. In our core model the learner gets more and more information about which pairs of elements of a structure are related and which are not. The aim of the learner is to find (an effective description of) the isomorphism type of the structure presented in the limit. In accordance with language learning we call this learning criterion InfEx-learning (explanatory learning from informant). We start with a discussion and separations of different variants of this learning criterion, including learning from text (where the only information provided is which elements are related, and not which elements are not related) and finite learning (where the first actual conjecture of the learner has to be correct). This gives first intuitions and examples for what (classes of) structures are learnable and which are not. Our main contribution is a complete characterization of the learnable classes of structures in terms of a combinatorial property of the classes. This property allows us to derive a bound of \(\mathbf{0''}\) on the computational complexity required to learn uniformly enumerable classes of structures. Finally, we show how learning classes of structures relates to learning classes of languages by mapping learning tasks for structures to equivalent learning tasks for languages.
  @inproceedings{fokina2019limit, abstract = {While most research in Gold-style learning focuses on learning formal languages, we consider the identification of computable structures, specifically equivalence structures. In our core model the learner gets more and more information about which pairs of elements of a structure are related and which are not. The aim of the learner is to find (an effective description of) the isomorphism type of the structure presented in the limit. In accordance with language learning we call this learning criterion InfEx-learning (explanatory learning from informant). We start with a discussion and separations of different variants of this learning criterion, including learning from text (where the only information provided is which elements are related, and not which elements are not related) and finite learning (where the first actual conjecture of the learner has to be correct). This gives first intuitions and examples for what (classes of) structures are learnable and which are not. Our main contribution is a complete characterization of the learnable classes of structures in terms of a combinatorial property of the classes. This property allows us to derive a bound of \(\mathbf{0''}\) on the computational complexity required to learn uniformly enumerable classes of structures. Finally, we show how learning classes of structures relates to learning classes of languages by mapping learning tasks for structures to equivalent learning tasks for languages.}, author = {Fokina, Ekaterina and Kötzing, Timo and San Mauro, Luca}, booktitle = {Algorithmic Learning Theory (ALT)}, keywords = {alt ekaterinafokina lucasanmauro timokoetzing year2019}, title = {Limit Learning Equivalence Structures}, year = 2019 }

2019

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  Friedrich, Tobias; Krejca, Martin S.; Rothenberger, Ralf; Arndt, Tobias; Hafner, Danijar; Kellermeier, Thomas; Krogmann, Simon; Razmjou, Armin Routing for On-Street Parking Search using Probabilistic Data. AI Communications 2019

  Accepted for publication
  [ Abstract ] [ BibTeX ] [ Download ]
   
  A significant percentage of urban traffic is caused by the search for parking spots. One possible approach to improve this situation is to guide drivers along routes which are likely to have free parking spots. The task of finding such a route can be modeled as a probabilistic graph problem which is NP-complete. Thus, we propose heuristic approaches for solving this problem and evaluate them experimentally. For this, we use probabilities of finding a parking spot, which are based on publicly available empirical data from TomTom International B.V. Additionally, we propose a heuristic that relies exclusively on conventional road attributes. Our experiments show that this algorithm comes close to the baseline by a factor of 1.3 in our cost measure. Last, we complement our experiments with results from a field study, comparing the success rates of our algorithms against real human drivers.
  @article{noauthororeditor, abstract = {A significant percentage of urban traffic is caused by the search for parking spots. One possible approach to improve this situation is to guide drivers along routes which are likely to have free parking spots. The task of finding such a route can be modeled as a probabilistic graph problem which is NP-complete. Thus, we propose heuristic approaches for solving this problem and evaluate them experimentally. For this, we use probabilities of finding a parking spot, which are based on publicly available empirical data from TomTom International B.V. Additionally, we propose a heuristic that relies exclusively on conventional road attributes. Our experiments show that this algorithm comes close to the baseline by a factor of 1.3 in our cost measure. Last, we complement our experiments with results from a field study, comparing the success rates of our algorithms against real human drivers.}, author = {Friedrich, Tobias and Krejca, Martin S. and Rothenberger, Ralf and Arndt, Tobias and Hafner, Danijar and Kellermeier, Thomas and Krogmann, Simon and Razmjou, Armin}, journal = {AI Communications}, keywords = {sys:relevantfor:ae bp15 martinskrejca ralfrothenberger student tobiasfriedrich year2019}, note = {Accepted for publication}, title = {Routing for On-Street Parking Search using Probabilistic Data}, year = 2019 }